16 tenses

Haiiii !! belun sira…. ! imi diak ka lae ??? hau espera katak imi hotu sempre diak,,,, okay !! iha oportunidade ida ne’e, hau hakarak fahe deit buat balun kona-ba 16 TENSES . Iha artikel ida ne’e mos iha nia definisaun, formula no ezemplu, atu nune’e kolega sira bele komprende diak liutan kona-ba 16 tenses ne’e…. ! okay diak , antes ita atu ba hare’e hamutuk, hau hakarak belun sira hatene uluk lai saida maka tenses ? diak , tenses ne’e hanesan tempu ida ne’ebe ita uza hodi refere ba pasadu, presente no futuru….. !

Tenses ne’e mos fahe ba parte haat, mak hanesan : PRESENT TENSE, PAST TENSE, FUTURE TENSE no  PAST FUTURE TENSE. Diak, lakoi dada lia naruk liu tan, mai ita ba haree hamutuk…..

 

1. PRESENT TENSE :
   Is used to refer to the present . the present tense also can used to refer to the tense of a verb that expresses action or state in the present time and is used of what occurs or is true at the time of speaking and of what is habitual or characteristic or is always or necessary true, that is sometimes used for future events.
    

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE :  
   The simple present tense is used to indicates an action in the present time which is not finished and can use in habitual action and a general truth .
    
   FORM:

• Nominal form:
  (+) S + to be (am, is, are) + complement.
  (- ) S + to be (am, is, are) + not + complement.
  (?)To be (am, is, are) + S + complement?
   
  Example:
  (+) She is a beautiful girl in Canossa.
  (- ) She is not a beautiful girl in Canossa.
  (?) Is she a beautiful girl in Canossa?
   
• Verbal form :
  (+) S + VI (s/es) + object.
  (- ) S + (do/does ) not + VI + object.
  (?) Do/does + S + VI + object ?
   
  Example :
  (+) Canossa’s student plant the flowers every Saturday .
  (- ) Canossa’s student don’t plant the flowers every Saturday.
  (?) Do Canossa’s student plant the flowers every Saturday ?
   

1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE :
   The present continuous tense is use to talk about something that is happening at the moment of speaking.
    
   (+) S + to be (am, is, are) + VI + ing + O.
   (- ) S + to be (am, is, are) + not + VI + ing + O.
   (?) To be (am, is, are) + S + VI + ing + O?
    
   Example :
   (+) He is walking to Canossa school now.
   (- )He is not walking to Canossa school now.
   (?) Is he walking to Canossa school now ?
    
2. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE : An aspect of the verb expressing an action that began in the past and which has recently been completed or continues into the present. Or something that we had done and it possible to do again .
    

1.  (+) S + have/has + been + O.
    (- ) S + have/has + not + been + O.
    (?)Have/has + S + been + O?
    
   Example :
   (?)I have been to my hamlet.
   (+) I have not been to my hamlet.
   (- ) Have I been to my hamlet.
    
2.  (+) S + have/has + VIII + O.
    (- ) S + have/has + not + VIII + O.
    (?) Have/has + S + VIII + O?
    
   Example :
   (+) She has seen the football competition  of Canossa Cup .
   (- ) She has not seen the football competition  of Canossa Cup .
   (?) Has she seen the football competition  of Canossa Cup ?
    

1. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOU TENSE : describe an activity that began in the past, whether that activity takes place continuously or by cut off until now.
    
   (+) S + have/has + been + VI + ing + O.
   (- ) S + have/has + not + been + VI + ing + O.
   (?)Have/has + S + been + VI + ing + O.
    
   Example :
   (+)They have been visiting their parents every Saturday since they live in Canossa.
   (- )They have not been visiting their parents every Saturday since they live in Canossa.
   (?)Have they been visiting their parents every Saturday since they live in Canossa.
    

1. PAST TENSE : the past tense is talking about something or an action that happened in the past.
    

1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE : Simple past is talking about an action that happened and now have completed. The simple past is also talking about an action that habitual we did in the past.
    

• Nominal form :
  (+) S + to be (was, were)+ C.
  (- ) S + to be (was, were)+ not + C.
  (?) To be (was, were)+ S + C?
   
  Example :
  (+) He was a security .
  (- ) He was not a security .
  (?) Was he  a security  ?
   
• Verbal form :
  (+) S + VII + O.
  (- )S + did + not + VI + O.
  (?)Did + S + VI + O?
   
  Example :
  (+)Laura sent a letter to him last week .
  (- )Laura did not send a letter to him last week.
  (?) Did Laura send a letter to him last week?
   

1. PAST CONTINUOS TENSE : In the past continuous tense , the action was ongoing till a certain  time in the past.
    
   (+) S + to be (was, were)+ VI + ing + O.
   (- ) S + to be (was, were)+ not  + VI + ing + O.
   (?) To be (was, were)+ S + VI + ing + O?
    
   Example :
   (+)I was sitting in the library when I saw Guy.
   (- )I was not sitting in the library when I saw Guy.
   (?) Was I sitting in the library when I saw Guy ?
    
2. PAST PERFECT TENSE : The past perfect is an aspect of the verb that designates an action which has been completed before another past action.
    

1. (+) S + had + VIII + O.
   (- )S+ had + not + VIII + O.
   (?) Had + S + VIII + O?
    
   Example :
   (+) After the lunch yesterday, Ana had done her homework in school.
   (- ) After the lunch yesterday, Ana had not done her homework in school.
   (?) Had Ana done her homework in school, after the lunch yesterday?
    
2. (+)S + had + been + C.
   (- ) S + had +not + been + C.
   (?) Had + S + been + C?
    
   Example :
   (+) After two years she had been a teacher at secondary school of Canossa.
   (- ) After two years she had not been a teacher at secondary school of Canossa.
   (?) Had she been a teacher at secondary school of Canossa after two years?
    

1. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOU TENSE :  indicates an action that began in the past and still continue until at some point in the past it was also.
    
   (+) S + had + been + VI + ing + O.
   (- ) S + had +not + been + VI + ing + O.
   (?) Had + S + been + VI + ing + O?
    
   Example :
   (+)When Celzia came, we had studying for two hours in the classroom.
   (- ) When Celzia came, we had not studying for two hours in the classroom.
   (?)Had we studying for two hours in the classroom, when Celzia came ?
    

1. FUTURE TENSE : Is talking about something that we hope will be happen in the future, the plan and the promises.
    

1. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE : Simple future is divided into 2 parts : the first one is use “will/shall” and the second is “going to” .
   Will/shall is always use to express a voluntary action, and to express a promises.
   Going to is use to express a plan.
   The simple future also we use to express a prediction.
    

1. (+) S + will/shall + VI + O.
   (- ) S + will/shall + not + VI + O.
   (?) Will/shall + S + VI + O?
    
   Example :
   (+) I will give a present to Valeria next week.
   (- ) I will not give a present to Valeria next week
   (?) Will I give a present to Valeria next week ?
    
2. (+) S + to be + going to + VI + O.
   (- ) S + to be + not +  going to + VI + O.
   (?) To be + S + going to +VI + O?
    
   Example :
   (+) I am going to do my homework tomorrow in library.
   (- ) I am not going to do my homework tomorrow in library.
   (?) Am I going to do my homework tomorrow in library ?
    

1. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE : We mainly use the future continuous to indicate that we will be in the middle of doing something in a specified time in the future.
    
   (+) S + Will/shall + be + VI + ing + O.
   (- ) S + Will/shall + not + be + VI + ing + O.
   (?)Will/shall + S + be + VI + O?
    
   Example :
   (+) we will be writing at five o’clock tomorrow morning.
   (- ) we will not be  writing at five o’clock tomorrow morning.
   (?) Will we be writing at five o’clock tomorrow morning ?
    
2. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE : express action completed by a specified time in the future.
   The future perfect express the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future.
    

1. Nominal form :
   (+) S + shall/will + have + been +C.
   (- ) S + shall/will +not + have + been + C.
   (?) Shall/will + S + have + been + C?
    
   Example :
   (+) I will have been a doctor when you be a teacher and teach in Canossa.
   (- ) I will not have been a doctor when you be a teacher and teach in Canossa.
   (?) Will I have been a doctor when you be a teacher and teach in Canossa ?
    
2. Verbal form :
   (+)S + shall/will + have + VIII +O.
   (- )S + shall/will + not +  have + VIII +O.
   (?)Shall/will + S + have + VIII + O?
    
   Example :
   (+) The school will have stared by the time Claudia get here.
   (- ) The school will not  have stared by the time Claudia get here.
   (?) Will the school have stared by the time Claudia get here.
    

1. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE : we use the future perfect continuous to show that something will continue up until a particular event or time in the future.
    
   (+) S + shall/will + have + been + VI + ing + O.
   (- ) S + shall/will + not + have + been + VI + ing + O.
   (?) Shall/will + S +  have + been + VI + O?
    
   Example :
   (+)Next year I will have been sitting here for nine month.
   (- ) Next year I won’t have been sitting here for nine month.
   (?) Will next year I have been sitting here for nine month?
    

1. PAST FUTURE TENSE : is used to express the idea that in the past you thought something would happen in the future.
    

1. SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE : declare an act to be carried out in the past. Simple past future also use to declare an act that habitual do in the past.
    

1. (+)S + should/would + be + C.
   (- )S + should/would + not + be + C.
   (?) Should/would + S + be + C?
    
   Example :
   (+) when I was younger, I hope that I would be a doctor.
   (- ) when I was younger, I hope that I would not be a doctor.
   (?) When I was younger, I hope that would I be a doctor ?
    
2. (+) S + should/would + VI + O.
   (- )S + should/would + not + VI + O.
   (?) Should/would + S + VI + O?
    
   Example :
   (+) We should pray before climb the Ramelau mountain.
   (- ) We should not pray before climb the Ramelau mountain.
   (?) Should we pray before climb the Ramelau mountain?
    

1. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE : Declare an act which is being conducted in the past.
    
   (+) S + should/would + be + VI + ing + O.
   (- )S + should/would + not + be + VI + ing + O.
   (?) Should/would + S + be + VI + ing + O?
    
   Example :
   (+) I should be leaving this secondary school at this time the following years.
   (- ) I should not be leaving this secondary school at this time the following years.
   (?) Should I be leaving this secondary school at this time the following years?
    
2. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE : Declare an act which would have been completed at a specific time that will come in the past.
    

1. (+) S + should/would + have + been+ C.
   (- ) S + should/would + not + have + been + C.
   (?) Should/would + S + have + been + C?
    
   Example :
   (+) I would have been a journalist.
   (- ) I would not have been a journalist.
   (?) Would I have been a journalist ?
    
2. (+) S + should/would + have + VIII + O.
   (- ) S + should/would + not + have + VIII + O.
   (?) Should/would + S + have + VIII + O?
    
   Example :
   (?) You hope that you would have finished this exercise before teacher give another exercise ?
   (- ) No, I hope that I would not have finished this exercise before teacher give another exercise.
   (+) Yes, I hope that I would have finished this exercise before teacher give another exercise.
    

1. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE : is talking about future in the past tense finish ongoing.
    
   (+) S + should/would + have +been + VI + ing + O.
   (- ) S + should/would + not + have + been + VI + ing + O.
   (?) Should/would + S + have + been + VI + ing + O.
    
   Example :
   (+) By the end of this year I would have been working in Canossa for ten years.
   (- ) By the end of this year I would not have been working in Canossa for ten years.
   (?) Would I have been working in Canossa for ten years , by the end of this year ?